Creative Commons is both a solution and yet another failure to deal with authorship and copyright on the internet.

“We have built upon the “all rights reserved” concept of traditional copyright to offer a voluntary “some rights reserved” approach.”

Lawrence Lessig

Introduction

Nowadays community moves from the industrial to the digital era, the ease from which extensive quantities of information can be stored, manipulated, be controlled and transferred, has led to technical rules concerning the copyright and authorship in general. Such changes have amounted to creators and owners of copyright enjoying extensive powers over the protection, use, and exploitation of their works. According to the Creative Commons (CC) website, CC is a nonprofit corporation with the main aim to making it easier for people to share and use work of others legally, consistent with the rules of copyright. Also it provide free licenses and other legal tools to mark creative work with the freedom the creator wants it to carry, so others can share, remix, use commercially. There are different views on work of CC because it can be a both a solution and a failure to deal with authorship and copyright on the internet.The CC influence, therefore, should be assessed in terms of elements that positively affect copyright and authorship, and elements that negatively affect copyright and authorship on the internet. Firstly we will consider is CC a solution to deal with authorship and copyright on the internet, and in the next part it will be the opposite view on it.

Creative Commons is a solution to deal with authorship and copyright on the internet.

Due to the fact that CC was established in 2001, the impacts of CC licensing are still being discovered and identified. So, the first positive aspect to deal with authorship and copyright on the internet is marketing opportunities available to artists and creators. For instance internet music distributor the founder of Magnatune said that:”CC is like a marketing tool, free distribution generates exposure, and that builds commercial demand, which is where the real money is.” (A.Raskin, 2004), Therefore, CC is the solution to deal with authorship and copyright on the internet is the marketing opportunities which are available to people who create the things.
The less important but also valuable aspect in terms of CC is a solution to deal with authorship and copyright on the internet is the licensing simplicity of its operation. Simplifying annual dynamics of changes of indication of permissions and reusing material, licensing CC uses what K. Weatherall underline in her report ‘optimal standardization. The theory by means of what you allow certain number of the property rights to satisfy most people. It means, that this allows users of CC licences to confidently contribute work to the commons without engaging in excessive legal consultation. Moreover, while the legal enforceability of the licences is questioned by some, it must be noted that on the two cases is international, where profit licences have come before the courts, they have been supported. So, another aspect which support that CC is the solution to deal with authorship and copyright on the internet is the licensing simplicity it employs of its operation.

Creative Commons is a failure to deal with authorship and copyright on the internet.

The first aspect in terms of CC is a failure to deal with authorship and copyright on the internet is moral rights that have been happened with many creators.
The moral rights remain unaffected by CC, the practical implications of CC licence suggest differently. Professorial Fellow, Victorian College of Arts Richard Jones states: “This is a political decision; it is a social decision; it is an issue of control. But it is control sought for reasons other than ego or money.” (B Fitzgerald et al, 63, 70.) This loss of control of moral rights is further aggravated by the fact that a CC licensed work may later make it “more difficult than necessary to establish that someone doing what the licence allows has infringed that creator’s moral rights.” (McDonald , 3, 229.) Columnist John C. Dvorak said several interesting concerns about Creative Commons Initiative in term of moral rights and issues.
“Creative Commons actually seems to be a dangerous system with almost zero benefits to the public, copyright holders, or those of us who would like a return to a shorter-length copyright law, “he said. “If I write something on my blog, for example, and decide not to cover it with the general copyright notice, I can simply say that it is in the public domain and be done with it. I do not need permission from Creative Commons, nor do I need to mention Creative Commons or anything else. It's in the public domain by my personally allowing it to be so. This is my right! I don't need a middleman—a Creative Commons Commissar—to approve my decision. And yet there is this perception that I do, “he added.
Thus, Creative Commons is a failure to deal with authorship and copyright on the internet because of moral rights, it means that people can decide by themselves what they should do, and how to use the information. Also, there are another problems or failures in CC, one of them is disclaimer of warranties.


One of the major drawbacks of CC licences operating within the internet industry and important failure to deal with authorship and copyright is the fact that all the licences contain a disclaimer of warranties. Actually, it means that licence CC does not provide a guarantee that the licensor has all necessary rights to permit reuse of the licence work.Also, the user of material CC is effectively taking it on confidence that the licensor is allocated by the right to licence such material. Without compensations or warranties, CC licences appear, therefore, very difficult to incorporate into the internet industry as there is no guarantee or protection concerning validity of the licensors rights to the material being licensed. (http://wiki.creativecommons.org/FAQ) Columnist John C. Dvorak said about Creative Commons in terms of copyright and other issues.
“Years ago, to gain a copyright, you had to fill out a form and send in the material to the Library of Congress. Now you just use the word "copyright," add your name and a date, and publish it. Apparently simplicity was more than some people could handle, so they invented Creative Commons to add some artificial paperwork and complexity to the mechanism. And it seems to actually weaken the copyrights you have coming to you without Creative Commons.”
So, there are many different views on work of Creative Commons connected with copyright and authorship.
Stanford law Professor Lawrence Lessig states: “we’re a bit skeptical of the Creative Commons initiative because it moves copyright issues into the realm of contract law. … Instead, we think copyright should remain firmly a federal public policy debate.”
(http://www.copycense.com/2007/06/on_lessig.html)
Thus, from these statements it is clear seen the view of people on Creative Commons and their opinion on copyright and authorship, and we can see that there are many critics and failure in terms of copyright and authorship in CC.

Conclusion

It can be deduced that, CC is an international ‘open content’ movement aimed at increasing the volume of, and access to, creative works in the intellectual commons of society. CC licensing allows for the relinquishment of some or all rights previously protected by copyright. In my opinion there are more drawbacks or failures in terms of Creative Commons to deal with authorship and copyright on the internet rather than solution to deal with it. I agree that we should be clear to recognize that Creative Commons and efforts to really rethink copyright are two separate things, but that doesn't mean that Creative Commons is necessarily bad for copyright and authorship policy issues. There are also impacts which can be a solution to deal with authorship and copyright on internet.

Bibliography

Books,Articles,Reports

A Raskin, “Giving it Away (for Fun and Profit)” (2004) 5(4) Business 2.0

B Fitzgerald et al, “Cultivating the creative commons: Perspectives from the creative industries” (2006) 11 Media and Arts Law Review.

B Fitzgerald and I Oi, “The Australian Creative Commons Project” (2005) 22(4) Copyright Reporter 138.

Lessig, The Future of Ideas – The fate of the commons in a connected world, 2001

McDonald, “Creative Commons: just say ‘CC’?” (2006) 24(4) Copyright Reporter

Electronic, Internet sources

Creative Commons,official web site:

http://creativecommons.org/ , access at 16 October 2009.Creative Commons, Creative Commons – Frequently Asked Questions
http://wiki.creativecommons.org/FAQ access at 18 October 2009.

Creative Commons, About Creative Commons.

http://creativecommons.org/about/ access at 19 October 2009.

"Creative Commons a useful development in New Zealand"

www.nzipa.org.nz/SITE_Default/x-files/96312.pdf, access at 20 October 2009.

"Copyright Law,New Media and the Future"

http://ses.library.usyd.edu.au/bitstream/2123/2357/1/CopyrightAsiaPacific_Ch9.pdf, access at 18 October 2009.

"Does Creative Commons free your content?"

http://money.cnn.com/magazines/business2/business2_archive/2004/05/01/368240/index.htm,access at 20 October 2009.

Interview with Cory Doctorow, Part 1: Copyfight and Creative Commons.

http://reviews.cnet.com/4520-3000_7-6357305-1.html access at 19 October 2009.

K Weatherall, “Would you ever recommend a Creative Commons License?” (2006) http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/other/AIPLRes/2006/4.html access at 19 October 2009.

Lawrence Lessig, Free Culture (2004).

http://www.copycense.com/2007/06/on_lessig.html access at 20 October 2009.

McDonald Creative Commons: just say “CC”?
www.copyright.org.au/pdf/acc/articles_pdf/a06n13.pdf access at 19 October 2009

My 3 minutes video

Cooking time
I havent got any video camera. So i made my video like slideshow with the help of my camera. I made a pictures, and download the music and some pictures from the Creative Commons web site and download it on Youtube
Enjoy

Assuming topic for essay

I think that I’ll write my New Com Tech essay on this topic.

2. The idea of the internet as cyberspace has been a part of our contemporary culture for some time, particularly in the popular medium of film. But is the concept of cyberspace still relevant to our contemporary society? Discuss with reference to your own experience of contemporary media.

However, I’ll be searching for the resources, books and journals during semester break.

According to Lecture 7

A shared culture.

http://creativecommons.org/

When I did my 3 minutes video, I used creative common pictures and music. My first expression was not so good. I realized that is difficult to find useful pictures, in useful colors, and appropriate music for my tute task. However, after 30 minutes of my work with this web site, it became easier to find appropriate information, because I understood how to work with this web site, and where I should search the information.


· “Share, Remix, Reuse — Legally”: creative commons.

The main idea of Lecture 7 was on concept of free culture and free division of the contents which takes place within an Internet and as it relates with the copyright in general. One of the examples of such free culture is Creative Commons.

“Creative Commons is a nonprofit corporation dedicated to making it easier for people to share and build upon the work of others, consistent with the rules of copyright.”

Creative Commons was founded in 2001, and since that time, this corporation growth increasingly mainly because it ensure free licenses and other legal instruments to register creative work with freedom which the founder wants that it bore, thus others can participate, repeatedly mix up, use commercially, or any combination of it. So, the main aim of the creative commons is to share the information legally. In 2008 it was estimated 130 million Creative Commons licensed works. The whole item of it, protect the founder from other use of their work, with the purposes of which they did not intend. In addition, the large part of philosophy of the Creative Commons has appeared from users who wanted more freedom with the various computer softwear.

“The Idea that we can voluntarily relax our copyrights in the interests of sharing comes from the Free Software movement.”

· Free and open source software.

There was the time, when computer software, when people are shared the codes between each other. This was the best time for software programs and everything was free. However, during the time, software industry was growing with the high speed, and many restrictions have been made by companies. For instance: Microsoft. So, in 1981 Richard M Stallman started the Free Software foundation. His aim was to create absolutely free software like it was before. He believed that users should be allocated by the right on ' four freedom. In addition users should be able to adapt the program for their own requirements, to operate the program as they like, to extend their changes, to remove copies and finally to have a choice to improve the software. Finally, as I understood Richard Stallman created legal document (GNU), to control Four Freedom which had controlled what you can and can’t do with software.
Nowadays there are such concepts like open software. The main advantage of such software, is that it is free, and you can have specially features in it.

“The name free software is replaced with Open source.”

There are examples of free software (open source): Linux,Firefox,OpenOffice etc.
I never ever used free software on my computer. However, after this lecture I installed free software on my computer, just to find differences. So, I found it interesting to use, to found out new abilities and features which you can’t find in Windows, and it is absolutely free. In some ways, I found it better than Microsoft.

To sum up, the main aim of Creative Commons is that this corporation gave us an opportunity to share information legally. People are uploading their music, pictures, photos, and other staff to show their talent to other people and to look what others are gave to look for. It is interesting, to know that people are uploading their photos from flickr, because they want to share their photos with others people all over the world. This idea is great, and carry peace and sort of friendship in it, mainly because people are share and not steal, and they help each other. In my opinion, Creative Commons is useful website, and I think that I’ll be using it anyway.

According to Lecture 6

Video Consumption and Production.

Week 6th lecture was mainly about nowadays video consumption and production in our lives.
In my opinion, all people are consumers and producers in their lives. People can be consumers and producers in same way. Generally, we are contents consumers. In our daily lives we consume professionally created, made and have edited the contents from traditional and new manufacturers of mass-media. In our lecture it was mentioned that some time ago people only were able observe of mass-media, but not participate in its process. However, nowadays it has changed considerably. Nowadays, it is difficult to find a people which haven’t got a computer, or haven’t got access to it. I think that there are some people mainly in less developed countries. Computers are everywhere, and internet is the one reason why the computers became so popular nowadays. People all over world are consumers, because they consuming the information from the internet, which other people are making, producing.
An internet became first source for people to look for, it is much easier to look news or TV shows in internet, rather than waiting when it would be on TV and watching it with huge amount of advertisement. For instance: I prefer to find something on internet, watch it rather than watching on TV, mainly because it saves my time for other things.

Nowadays people can be always on-line. In general, it is because people can use their mobile phones to be always online. Yes, the quality is not so good, because usually the files are big, but the screen on our mobile is small for it. However, people still can watch videos on Vimeo or Youtube and be in touch with their friends with the help of mobile phone. I think that it is easier, because usually I am not caring my lap top with me, because I always haven’t got free space in my bag to it. But, I can use my mobile phone, if I need to watch a video, or write something in twitter or facebook. So, it is always help me in some ways. We can say that consumption becomes more and more personal especially with mobile systems.


As I said before, it is interesting that people were just consumers, but some time later people began producers too. I was consumer all my life before new com tech course. Two weeks ago, I became a producer, when I made my first video, and placed in on the Youtube. So, now people can watching and comment it. According to lecture 6 the films which were made by consumers for consumer viewers are called “fan-films”, because they are made by and for people who have an interest in such films. For instance such film as: StarWars(http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F5ELvzHa7gM) I can say that people who interested in StarWars made this film for StarWars fans.

People can become a producer easy, with the help of the mobile phone camera. On the news programs, it became a popular to put the segment of video, which was recorded on mobile phone by the people who were in this place. It became popular, because people always have an access to their mobile phones, and can make a video in any time, and when the accident is happened too. I remember such videos from Tsunami in Thailand, when people are screaming and the huge wave is coming on the Phuket Island. In consequence, such videos were on many channels on TV, and in the internet websites and news.

Another aspect of consumption and production is the problem that consumers making the contents of entertainment on a mobile phone, consists that it usually looks and it seems awful. Josh Nicholas said that ,it is a lot of festivals ' cellular telephone Cinema ' have arisen for last 5 years, however at the majority is disappeared the same as the fast.
It can be deduced, that nowadays people always have an access to their mobile phones and internet. I can say that most of them were transformed from consumers to producers in many ways.

Video- Week 6

This is my new video. "Bee story"
I tried to make it funny, with the help of Play-Doh, and my camera.

3D worlds and socialising on the internet Week 5

I’m using MSN chat, and I never used 3D before. I think that there are many differences between IM programs and 3D programs. However, one of the important one is that in IM programs you just can text messages and send smilies. In 3D programs you can see everything like in real life, and using voice chat. In IM programs you can use web cam, and clear see your opponent, because now such programs have a good quality, and it became much better to use it.


You can see people with whom you are communicating, and seeing their emotions, rather than send just a smile. In my opinion, that chats IM programs are easier and faster to use.

“Activeworlds offers a comprehensive platform for efficiently delivering real-time interactive 3D content over the web. Activeworlds' 3D content is dynamic, visually compelling and most importantly provides users a richer, more exciting online experience”
http://www.activeworlds.com/overview.asp

“The Active Worlds Universe has a unique and diverse global community. Our citizens come from all walks of life, speak many languages, and represent every age group.”
http://www.activeworlds.com/community/index.asp

So, I think that there are many different between these programs, but it is difficult to me talk about it, because I’m never use it. However, some people prefer IM programs and others 3D programs such as: Second life, active worlds and others.

Second life video

I published this video, because there is a criticism of Second Life. They compare real life with second life, and talking about consequences. People are living in second life, and doing nothing in real. In some point, I'm agree with this video. However, there are exceptions too

Search engines

Everyone knows that the famous search engine among many of the internet users is “Google”. However there are many others engines other than “Google”. It is very interesting why are people using just Google?

I have asked my parents and my friends: Which search engines do you usually use, and why? Most of them answered that they know that they can found everything in Google, with the short amount of time, rather than they will search it somewhere else. Also, they say that Google is the most famous, modernised and advertised search engine. The next reason, which my sister said, is that she uses Google, because she has Gmail, and it is easier for her to use Google.
There are just some of evidences, why some people use Google.

However, I haven’t got my favourite search engine. I use many of them. Usually,
I’m using search engines like Yahoo!, Google, msn or altavista. However, I don’t know the reason, why I’m using Yahoo! more often than others engines. I think the main reason for that is that this was my first search engine in my life. I have used it first time at school when I was at 5th grade. I think I just get used to it.

When I had prepared Scavenger Hunt questions, it was not so difficult not to use Google, but it was difficult not to use Wikipedia. I think mainly because, all the answers on questions were in Wikipedia, when I have a look it.

In addition, to my previous post.(questions, no using wiki)

There are answers on questions which I found in internet.

However, the answers on questions before were just my own predictions.

Here are remarked answers on the questions.


1.What did Alan Turing wear while riding his bicycle around Bletchley Park?He wore a gasmask according to http://www.fusionanomaly.net/alanturing.html website.

2. On what date did two computers first communicate with each other? Where were they?

3. What is Bill Gates’ birthday and what age was he when he sold his first software?
28th of October, 1955 http://www.holidaysoup.com/bill_gates_birthday

4. Where was the World Wide Web invented?

Tim Berners-Lee/CERN http://www.boutell.com/newfaq/

5. How does the power of the computer you are working on now compare with the power of a personal computer from 30 years ago?Nowadays i'm working on lap-top. I can charging it, and work after long time. However, 30 years ago the computers was huge and not comfortable. Also, 30 years ago computers consist of different parts, and charging system was different. So, the power was different too.

6. What is the weight of the largest parsnip ever grown?Ohh, I can't find "parsnip" in a dictionary.

7. When did Queensland become a state and why is the Tweed River in New South Wales?06.06.1859 http://www.qld.gov.au/about-queensland/history/

8. What was the weather like in south-east Queensland on 17 November 1954?T
The heavy October rains over the Darling Downs followed by thunderstorm rains in November maintained fairly high levels in the Condamine and Macintyre rivers , particularly during the first half of the month. The peak height at Surat on 1st was the result of heavy run-off from the October rains. This crest moved slowly downstream and peaked at St George on 4th. Heavy 25 to 75mm rains on the southern Downs during the 3rd and 4th renewed the flooding in the Macintyre River which was still carrying considerable run-off from the October rains. The resultant sharp rises on 4th , 5th and 6th gave the third flood for that stream in 5 weeks. A peak at Goondiwindi on 6th resulted in moderate flooding and temporary dislocation of traffic.
Local flooding due to thunderstorms occurred at isolated places throughout Queensland during the month. The following are examples :- Some 30mm at Dayboro on 5th caused a temporary rise in the Pine River . Approximately 100mm in an hour near Surat caused freshes and another peak in the Condamine River on 9th. A severe storm brought 40mm in 15 minutes to Ingham on 10th , flooding shops and business premises. Up to 50mm of rain fell in 90 minutes at Caloundra , flooding a number of houses on 10th. Source: http://www.bom.gov.au/hydro/flood/qld/fld_history/floodsum_1950.shtml

9. Why is Lord Byron still remembered in Venice?He lived in Venice for almost three years. It was in this period that Byron wrote some of his most famous works, including ‘Don Juan’, according to http://www.venice-estates.com/prestige/va138/byron.html

10. What band did Sirhan Chapman play in and what is his real name?The band - The Black Assassins. www.assassins.com/

According to 3 Lecture

Learning the language of the cinema.

I really liked this lecture. It was unusual and interesting topic for me.

Shot sizes, which are better and correct to use, and its abbreviations, like: VLS, LS, MS, and CU.I think it was interesting to know for me, because I never faced with this topic.

Also, I immediately remembered 6 questions with the help of which the story can be made, because on my second subject “News and Politics”, we already learned it.
Especially, that in each story there are 5 W and 1 H.

However, on New Com lecture I had known that these questions also can be in movies in different way. Who? Is not just the person, who participated in the story. Who- shows your subject, emotions. What? - Not just what happened, also what showing your subject performing in action. Where, when, why and how, also have an important value in the making of story.

I liked the way how the lecturer from Gold Coast explained us the terms like: Headroom, Talking room, the rule of Thirds and 180 degree Rule.
It was easy to understand, because with the help of pictures which were showed on the slides, were very good to understand the concepts and terms.

My own experiences with communication technologies

I started to use new communication technologies from earlier years of my life, when my parents bought me my first mobile phone. It was so big, expensive, and not comfortable. However, at that time my mobile phone was my favorite thing. The main aim of starting using mobile phone at that age was communication with parents.

By the time I was 10, I had my first computer, and started using google, and other sites, which were suitable for school. I relly liked it, and learn my younger sisters how to use computer and internet. Few years later I have accumulated accounts in several websites. Such us: vkontakte(is the same like facebook, but on russian language). In my opinion, facebook is much better, and I have an account there too. However, all my friends in Russia, usually use russian version rather than english.

I remember that day, when my friend showed me Youtube. I was shocked, that everything you want to see, can be on this web site. So, first week I spent nights with my laptop, watching video. In addition, i started to use vimeo, cause there are a lot of interesting things too.

The big experience of communication technologies I have had when I studied in UK, in 2008.

I studied there one year and missed my parents and friend so much. So, I started to use Skype, and other programs to communicate with them.

Month ago, since I came to Brisbane at Griffith University, I started to use twitter. I was surprised, when my lecturer on News and Politics, says that we should register on twitter to contact with her, and other students. First time at twitter I can't understand the system how its work. However, after two days, I got used how to use it properly, and use it everyday.

To conclude, communication technologies play an important role in my life.
Every day, I starting my day with the checking my e-mail, twitter, facebook and other sites.

So, I started to use communication technologies to keep in touch with my parents and my friends. However, now I'm using communication technologies to find new frieds, and swap my ideas with people.

the end

???????????????????????????????????????????

Just try to guess
????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

1. What did Alan Turing wear while riding his bicycle around Bletchley Park?

I think that he wore something comfortable and warm, cause in UK the weather is rainy.

2. On what date did two computers first communicate with each other? Where were they?

I don't know exactly date, but it was for military usage, during the II WW.

The idea of the Internet came from RAND Corporation in 1960.

3. What is Bill Gates’ birthday and what age was he when he sold his first software?

28.10.1955, the age of 15

4. Where was the World Wide Web invented?

Tim Berners-Lee/CERN

5. How does the power of the computer you are working on now compare with the power of a personal computer from 30 years ago?

Nowadays i'm working on lap-top. I can charging it, and work after long time. However, 30 years ago the computers was huge and not comfortable. Also, 30 years ago computers consist of different parts, and charging system was different. So, the power was different too.


6. What is the weight of the largest parsnip ever grown?

Ohh, I can't find "parsnip" in a dictionary.

7. When did Queensland become a state and why is the Tweed River in New South Wales?

06.06.1859

8. What was the weather like in south-east Queensland on 17 November 1954?

I came, just month ago, I don't know which weather is on November.
I think it was +30+35

9. Why is is Lord Byron still remembered in Venice?

Maybe he did something important in Venice

10. What band did Sirhan Chapman play in and what is his real name?

some Rock band

The Future of Communication Technologies

I like this video because it is always interesting to know, what will be in the future, and which divices we will use.Also how people will communicate with each other. This video is very funny in some way.

According to 2 Lecture

A Short History of Computing and the Internet.

Charles Babbage was an English inventor, who originated the concept of a programmable computer. Charles Babbage Considered a "father of the computer" and credited with inventing the first mechanical computer that eventually led to more complex designs Also, in 1991, a perfectly functioning “difference engine” automatic, mechanical calculator was constructed from Babbage's original plans. In addition, The Science Museum completed the printer Babbage had designed for the difference engine. Nowadays, some parts of his mechanisms are on display in the “London science museum”.

Alan Turing was an English computer scientist who has create a concept of the algorithm and computation with the help of Turing machine. Also, during the Second Word War, Turing worked at Bletchley Park, where he with others mathematicians and cryptographers, devise the first working computer, which they used to break secret German 'Enigma' codes.

In the 1950s computers were first produced with the aim of selling by IBM Company.
First computers were big, and not comfortable. So, companies made smaller computers, and not so expensive for a short period of time.

Xerox Parc, Apple, IBM and Microsoft

• Xerox Parc
  The first company which started to make Personal Computers was Xerox Parc. However, by the end of 1975 more companies had joined the PC industry.

• Apple:
  Also, the famous people in computer industry are Steve Wozniak and Steve Jobs which are created an Apple company.
  


• IBM and Microsoft
  
  To run computers, there are two types of software required: the language and the Operating System. IBM considered two possible sellers for their software: Gary Kildall, the head of Digital Research inc, and Bill Gates.
  However, after they bought an Operating System which had been developed by Tim Patterson.

• Internet
  A global network connecting millions ofcomputers. Almost all countries are linked into exchanges of data, news and opinions. The idea of the Internet came from RAND Corporation in 1960.

• World Wide Web
  
  WWW is the universe of network information, which accessible for the people
  One of the important things is that the internet is synonymous with WWW.
  Also, the web is just one part of the broader internet which includes many other things as well as the Web.
  
  



• Cyberspace
  
  Is a metaphor for describing the non-physical terrain created by computer systems.

Introduction to New Communication Technologies

According to 1 Lecture.

Nowadays, there are many different new communication technologies. One of the most popular is internet. The web is now so popular, that people using it in different ways in their life. The popularity and accessibility of the Internet has been the main force behind many improvements and new technologies among the population in different countries.

New communication technologies are:

CD-ROM
multimedia
Internet
telepresencing
interactive TV
virtual reality
videoconferencing
wireless
SMS - text messaging
broadband
wikis
weblogs
social networks
YouTube
Twitter
· It is clear that the history of communication technologies is spread in the centuries, and people always invent new things.
So, the example of old communication technologies is:” Antikythera Mechanism”

· Defining Communication and Technology

“Communication is any process that transfers, transmits or makes information known to other people.”

· There are few books, in which authors are explaining meaning of communication such as: Aristotle's” Rhetoric” and “The Mathematical Theory of Communication by Shannon & Weaver. “
They suggest different meanings of communication, but in my opinion Aristotle's meaning is more realistic:
“The speaker produces a message that is heard by the listener.”

“Technology is the scientific study of mechanical arts and their application to the world”

· There are types of technology such as: analog and digital.

I think that new communications make the life easier, and it’s our future. However, some people have another view on it. New communication technologies are connecting with many spheres and jobs in modern life. For instance: journalism, education, business, medicine.


.

Stewe Wozniak-Apple Computer Co-Founder.

Steve was the one who actually built and designed the first Apple computers.

COCAINE Week 1

I leke this video, because it is unusal way of representing th story. Also, I like sounds. Good idea, its fantastic.